Background of the Study:
Underwater archaeology in Bonny has emerged as a vital field in understanding coastal cultural dynamics and historical maritime activities. The submerged landscapes of the region contain shipwrecks, port structures, and submerged settlements that reflect centuries of trade and cultural exchange (Ibrahim, 2023). Advances in remote sensing, sonar imaging, and sub-bottom profiling have significantly enhanced the detection and mapping of these underwater features (Oche, 2024). In coastal communities, these submerged artifacts are intertwined with local oral histories and indigenous practices, underscoring their dual value as historical resources and cultural symbols (Uba, 2025). This research integrates technological innovations with traditional knowledge to reconstruct the maritime history of Bonny. The study also examines the impact of environmental factors such as tidal changes and sedimentation on site preservation. By synthesizing data from geophysical surveys, archival research, and community interviews, this research aims to broaden the understanding of underwater cultural heritage and to advocate for its sustainable management (Ibrahim, 2023).
Statement of the Problem:
Despite the rich underwater cultural heritage in Bonny, systematic research on these submerged sites remains limited. The challenges of underwater excavation, preservation, and the integration of indigenous knowledge contribute to a fragmented understanding of the region’s maritime history. Moreover, modern threats such as coastal erosion and unregulated dredging further jeopardize these submerged assets. Thus, there is an urgent need for comprehensive research that combines advanced technological methods with local insights to protect and interpret underwater cultural heritage (Oche, 2024; Uba, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
Research Questions:
Research Hypotheses:
Significance of the Study:
This study is significant as it provides a comprehensive evaluation of underwater archaeology in Bonny, integrating modern technological methods with indigenous insights. The findings will benefit coastal managers, local communities, and researchers by promoting sustainable heritage practices and advancing maritime archaeology (Ibrahim, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to the evaluation of underwater archaeological sites in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, based on geophysical surveys, archival research, and community interviews. Limitations include access challenges and underwater operational constraints.
Definitions of Terms:
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